ROW_NUMBER是一个分析函数，语法如下：

ROW_NUMBER( )
   OVER ([ query_partition_clause ] order_by_clause)

它为order_by_caluse中指定的有序顺序序列(从1开始)分配一个唯一的数字到它应用的每一行

例子：

统计每一个部门下所有员工工资排行

测试数据

create table employee(
       empid int,           --ID
       deptid int,          --部门ID
       ename varchar2(20),  --姓名
       salary decimal(10,2) --工资
);

insert into employee values(1,10,'刘一',8800.00);
insert into employee values(2,10,'陈二',6200.00);
insert into employee values(3,10,'张三',9100.00);
insert into employee values(4,20,'李四',10200.00);
insert into employee values(5,20,'王五',9500.00);
insert into employee values(6,20,'赵六',7500.00);
insert into employee values(7,30,'孙七',12000.00);
insert into employee values(8,30,'周八',5800.00);
insert into employee values(9,30,'吴九',10100.00);
insert into employee values(10,30,'郑十',9500.00);

SQL脚本

select ename,
       deptid,
       row_number() over(partition by deptid order by salary desc) rank
  from employee

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